The Komodo dragon, or Varanus komodoensis, is a species of monitor lizard that is unique to the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang. It is also referred to as the Komodo monitor. It is the largest species of lizard still in existence, reaching lengths of up to 3 metres (10 feet) and weights of up to 70 kilogrammes (150 lb).
Because of their size, Komodo dragons are apex predators that rule their own habitats. Invertebrates, birds, and mammals are all common prey items for komodo dragons to ambush and hunt. Adult Komodo dragons who consume the young of their species account for 10% of their diet, making baby Komodo dragons prone to cannibalism. They are said to have a poisonous bite, and the lower jaw contains two glands that produce various deadly proteins. However, it has been demonstrated that the glands release an anticoagulant, despite disagreement about the biological importance of these proteins. In comparison to other reptile species, komodo dragons hunt in packs. Even though they consume a sizable amount of carrion, Komodo dragons primarily devour Javan rusa (Rusa timorensis) as their major source of food. Assaults on people by komodo dragons do occur.
As many as 20 eggs may be laid at once in an abandoned megapode nest or a self-dug nesting hole. Mating occurs between May and August, and the eggs are laid in September. In April, when there are the most insects, the eggs hatch after being incubated for seven to eight months. Because they are prey animals, such as cannibalistic adults, young Komodo dragons like to live in trees. They mature in 8 to 9 years and can potentially live for 30 years.
Scientists from the West first documented komodo dragons in 1910. They are well-liked zoo attractions because of their substantial size and intimidating reputation. They are classified as Endangered by the IUCN Red List because their range has shrunk in the wild as a result of human activities and is probably going to shrink even more as a result of the effects of climate change. Under Indonesian law, they are protected, and Komodo National Park was established in 1980 to support protection efforts.
